Ending Extreme Poverty and Sharing Prosperity: Progress and Policies

To guide its work toward a "world free of poverty," the World Bank Group in 2013 established two clear goals: end extreme poverty by 2030 and promote shared prosperity. Along with the requirement to pursue these goals sustainably -- economically, environmentally, and socially -- the two goals are comprehensive in nature. They are fully aligned to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To evaluate progress, the two goals are measured by two overall indicators: a reduction in the global headcount ratio of extreme poverty (the population share of those whose income is below the international poverty line) to 3 percent by 2030, and the promotion of income growth in the bottom 40 (B40) percent of the population in each country.This Policy Research Note updates the assessment of progress toward these two goals in a sustainable manner. The poverty goal is examined through three lenses: the evolution of income poverty based on the new international poverty line that has been re-estimated at $1.90 a day; an assessment of person-equivalent income poverty, a new intuitive indicator that combines the incidence with the depth of poverty; and a review of the breadth of poverty, recognizing that income shortfalls often coexist with multiple non-income deprivations. The shared prosperity goal is examined on the basis of the latest comparison of (comparable) household data on B40 income growth. As part of its analysis of the two goals, this note also comments on the status of defining and monitoring sustainability in its economic, environmental and social aspects

THE DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND THE RESTRICTIONS TO THE INSERTION OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN SOUTH AMERICA, AFRICA AND SOUTH OF ASIA

This research had like general goal to identify the determinants of the international tourism flow, seeking diagnostic the main restrictions to the expansion of this sector in the countries in development, utilizing a comparative analysis for the regions of the South America, Africa and South of the Asia. To be specified the determinants of the international tourism flow, was applied the econometrics instrumental, aiming to establish its empirical evidence. In the analysis was utilized the panel model because it´s shown adequate to the objective of identify the prominent factors of generalized form. Furthermore, this paper discuss the performance of the countries of the South America, Africa and South of Asia in the international tourism, with base in the determinant specified, seeking identify the empirical coherence of these general determinants in case of these countries and comparing the specificities and homogeneity between these regions, constituted by countries in development. The result of the study aims that the income is a fundamental determinant for explain the emission of tourists and there are indications of an elevated elasticity, what is translated in empirical coherence. Referring to the tourism attractive, we found the relevant paper of the risk related to the security and of the development of the country, identified through of the Human Development Index - HDI. The comparative analysis between the regions of the South America, Africa and South of the Asia, showed that the performance of these countries show consistency with the general determinants, in function of their conditions, for example, their geographic distance from the rich countries.

Interests and propriety: some voices of brazilian cultural field

This article originates of the strangeness generated by using the term piracy for any type of unauthorized reproduction. The article try to understand the relationship between values and interests related to two forms of propriety, copyright and intellectual property. For an interest in the collective representation, the general idea or dominant ideology associated with the subject, uses of media reports as documentary fonts for analysis of values and interests of three groups involved in discussions about the topic: the culture industry, government and artists / producers. Finally, performs a synthesis of the comparison between the values defended and the interests manifests (or hidden) of the groups

Os efeitos do câmbio e juros na balança comercial paranaense

The exchange rate affects the economy productive structure through its impact on the external sector. Some empirical studies suggest that the recent process of exchange rate evaluation in the Brazilian economy has a significant impact on some of its key sectors competitiveness, disturbing creation of job and long run development. The effects of high interest rate on the economic performance through shifts on the entrepreneurs’ investment decisions are also extremely important. Therefore, the analysis of exchange and interests rates effects on the productive structure is truly important to understand a regions’ economic performance. Taking into consideration this scenario, the present study main objective is to analyze the impact of these two above mentioned variables on Paraná State external sectors between April of 2001 and December of 2006.Paraná’s Economy; External Sector; Exchange Rate, Interest Rate

A via da democracia

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de realizar a rediscussão sobre a democracia a partir de sua gênese e seu percurso até a democracia liberal, em cotejo com a dimensão transnacional da globalização e as novas formas de cidadania global, a partir de autores clássicos e contemporâneos. Texto produzido a partir da linha de pesquisa Constitucionalismo e Produção do Direito

Meio ambiente enquanto objeto da tutela jurisdicional

O presente artigo pretende colocar em foco, à luz da efetividade, eficácia e coerência, os múltiplos obstáculos que a visão garantística desperta nos mais variados discursos teóricos e nos exercícios práticos acerca da preocupaçãocom instrumentos de proteção e garantia do meio ambiente. Dentro disto far-se--á uma análise sobre a natureza jurídica dos deveres e direitos humanos fundamentais e a titularidade do bem ambiental. Finda-se este com uma observação acerca do tema, buscando entender a noção de que a natureza jurídica do meio ambiente não depende unicamente da Ciência Jurídica

A filologia saussuriana: debates contemporâneos

Parece que uma determinada representação de Saussure se desfaz sob nossos olhos atualmente, e não é sem um certo embaraço que continuamos a veicular a imagem de um Saussure estruturalista, que teria fundado a ciência linguística ao delimitar seu objeto, a língua – oposta à fala – e que deve ser estudada nela mesma e por ela mesma. Mas a que atribuir essa mudança de representação a que se assiste hoje em torno da fi gura de Saussure? Certamente à descoberta dos manuscritos do autor, dirão alguns, em particular os fi lólogos dos textos saussurianos. Essa posição não é, contudo, unânime, e divergências advindas do interior da própria fi lologia podem ser observadas. É precisamente dessas divergências de que nos ocuparemos aqui. Analisaremos pelo menos duas posições contrastantes relativas a essa problemática, mais exatamente, a posição de Simon Bouquet e a de Rudolf Engler. Trata-se de um estudo em perspectiva histórica. Assim, procuraremos aqui reconstituir o contexto de emergência da fi lologia saussuriana, recuperando suas motivações iniciais e as formas que ela tomou ao longo do século XX, o que permitirá melhor compreender a problemática que ora levantamos

SOBERANIA, ESTADO, GLOBALIZAÇÃO E CRISE

Discussão científica sobre os efeitos da globalização no Estado Nacional e sobre o conceito tradicional de Soberania. Relato panorâmico sobre as mutações sofridas pelo Estado e sua crise atual, com fenecimento do conceito de direitos protegidos por constituições soberanas a partir da quebra de paradigmas pelarealidade capitalista liberal imposta ao mundo após a queda do Muro de Berlim

Soberanía y superación del estado constitucional moderno

Discussão científi ca sobre os efeitos da globalização na base teórica do Estado Constitucional Moderno e sobre o conceito tradicional de Soberania. Relato panorâmico sobre as mutações sofridas pelo Estado Constitucional Moderno e sua crise atual, com fenecimento do conceito de direitos protegidos por constituições soberanas a partir da quebra de paradigmas pela realidade capitalista liberal imposta ao mundo após o colapso do leste europeu comunista. Abordagem panorâmica sobre a possibilidade de superação do Estado Constitucional Moderno